| Next to air, water is the most familiar substance | | | | This particular incident may be taken as yet |
| on the earth and an adequate supply of water is | | | | another miracle of Moses. Whatever, the actual |
| essential to life. Whereas, the cycling of water | | | | and factual case might be from the religious point |
| serves to replenish our supply of fresh water, the | | | | of view, the happenings at Marah may be |
| importance of unpolluted and clean drinking water | | | | analyzed from the chemical point of view and a |
| can not be underestimated as we could live | | | | plausible explanation might be given to purification |
| without food for nearly a month but without | | | | process of water. The water at Marah, a dessert |
| water we would last only a few days. Accordingly | | | | place, was probably alkaline and hence bitter and |
| getting a dependable supply of fresh water has | | | | slippery in nature, the two important properties of |
| long been both a necessity and a problem, the | | | | an alkaline solution. In fact waters of dessert |
| gravity of which may be realized from the well | | | | areas become alkaline as a result of solubilisation |
| known case-history of Prophet Moses and his | | | | of salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals due to |
| own people, the Israelites. | | | | percolation of rain waters. Later on the waters, |
| When Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt into | | | | having these hydroxides, are concentration due to |
| the wilderness, he encountered a large dessert | | | | evaporation. |
| area where potable water was scarce. While | | | | The said log was probably a large part of an old |
| very many people know the Biblical and | | | | dead tree and had been bleached by the |
| Qur’anic accounts of how Moses was | | | | scorching heat of the sun in the dessert. Such |
| commanded by Allah to strike a rock with his | | | | bleaching could have oxidized the alcoholic groups |
| miraculous Asa (stick) for getting water to quench | | | | in cellulose to carboxylic acidic groups and these |
| the thirst of his people, a peculiar incident at a | | | | acidic carboxylic groups served to neutralize the |
| place namely Marah, is less known. At Marah | | | | basic hydroxyl groups of alkaline water. Whereas |
| water was available but it was not potable due to | | | | it is simple acid-base chemistry which students, |
| its bitterness and slippery nature. Since the | | | | even at foundation level can understand today, at |
| Israelites could not drink this water, they again | | | | that time it was certainly not less than a miracle |
| made Moses pray Allah to make water potable | | | | when people had no idea of science and |
| for them. According to the accounts in Exodus, | | | | technology. Nevertheless, not only chemistry |
| when Moses yielded to their request, he was | | | | connections were there but also Moses was |
| commanded by Allah to get thrown a particular | | | | commanded by none less than the Almighty to |
| dried log of a dead tree into the said water body. | | | | make use of both the chemistry connections and |
| When Moses made his people follow Allah’s | | | | the available Technology at that moment for |
| command, the bitterness of water vanished soon | | | | benefit of his people. |
| and water became potable. | | | | |