How To Determine If Your Social Security Retirement Benefits Are Taxed

Up to 85% of your Social Security retirementOnce you know this number, you can apply the
benefits may be taxable. Here's how to find outrules to determine how much of your S.S. is
how much is taxable and what you can do totaxed. Again, this depends on whether you are
reduce or eliminate any tax.married or single and the amount of your income.
Of all the financial issues surrounding being aLet's look first at a married couple filing jointly.
senior, the one that tops the list in terms ofHere is the math...
anger is the fact that, depending on the situation,1. If your provisional income is below $32,000, you
Social Security retirement benefits are taxable. Mydon't have a problem.
experience indicates that some seniors are2. For provisional income over $32,000:a. Take the
completely unaware of this fact. I have also hadprovisional income between $32,000 and $44,000
to sit and listen to the ranting of those who areand divide it by two.b. If your provisional income is
aware. It goes something like this: "I already paidabove $44,000, take the total provisional income,
tax on the earnings during my working years. Thesubtract $44,000 and multiply by 0.85.c. Add 2a
Social Security withdrawn from my income eachand 2b.d. Multiply your total S.S. benefits (line 20a)
pay check was a tax. This sounds like a tax on aby 0.85.e. The lesser of your result on 2c and 2e
tax." And on and on...above is the amount of your S.S. benefit taxed.
After letting the person blow off some steam,Now let's look at the calculation for a single
my response typically was, "Hey, don't shoot theperson...
messenger! I'm here to see if any of your Social1. If your provisional income is below $25,000,
Security benefits are taxed, if so, how much andnone of your S.S. benefits are taxable.
what we can do to reduce or eliminate that tax."2. For provisional incomes over $25,000:a. Take
So let me take you through the first part of ourthe provisional income between $34,000 and
conversation.$25,000 and divide it by two.b. If your provisional
Whether or not you are taxed depends on:income is above $34,000, subtract $34,000 from
1. The amount of your income.your total provisional income and multiply by
2. Whether or not you have income from sources0.85.c. Add 2a and 2b.d. Multiply your total S.S.
other than Social Security.benefit (line 20) by 0.85.e. The lesser of your
The amount of your tax depends on:result on 2c and 2d above is the amount of your
1. Your marital filing status: single or married.S.S. benefit taxed.
2. The amount of your income.Now that you know whether or not any of your
The tax on Social Security retirement benefitsSocial Security benefits are taxable, and if so,
was put into effect in 1983. Tax was applied onhow much, the next step is to take a look at the
up to 50% of benefits. In 1993 this was increasedways you can reduce or eliminate this tax. In
to 85%. Here's how the calculation goes...general, there are three solution categories:
The first step is to calculate your "provisional1. Reduce your interest income. The most
income". So grab last year's tax return.common is interest on CDs.
1. Subtract your taxable S.S. benefits (line 20b)2. Reduce your dividend income.
from your Adjust Gross Income (line 37).3. Reduce your tax exempt interest income.
2. Add one half of your total S.S. benefits (lineNote: The calculations above use a very simplified
20a).approach. Your situation may have other factors
3. Add any tax exempt interest (line 8b).that would affect the math. It is strongly advised
4. The result is your "provisional income".that you consult with a qualified tax professional.