The Risks and Costs of Early Retirement

Given that there are risks of retirement inif they might need it sooner than later.
general, it is no surprise that there are risksRetirement income risk
associated with early retirement in particular.Since early retirees have an increasingly higher life
However, early retirement is typically far riskierexpectancy, much can happen to their retirement
than retirement at the full retirement age. Inincome in that period. The combination of inflation
some cases, early retirement is involuntary orand taxation significantly erodes retirement
even ideal. It is clear that those who retire earliersavings and income. This suggests that earlier
than the full or normal retirement age bearretirees' income may not keep pace with living
burdens that are peculiar to early retirees.expenses in the latter stages of retirement, which
Increased longevity riskincreases the income risk significantly.
All retirees bear the risk of outliving retirementInaccessible state/retirement benefits
savings, especially if they do not plan forWhen you retire before the full or normal
retirement properly. However, early retireesretirement age, some retirement benefits may
typically face a longer retirement period withnot be available. Even if they were, you would
lower retirement income. The other risks ofreceive a lower nominal benefit because your life
retirement tend to compound longevity risk asexpectancy is longer. Age is a significant factor in
well. Those who retire between 62 and 65 maythe retirement decision, since it can affect your
have a retirement period of 18-25 years (ondefined benefit, tax burden and even your annuity
average). However, the earliest retirees might livebenefits- to name a few. The relatively low
up to 36 years on average!availability of replacement income for early
Opportunity costretirees is a surmountable problem, but a critical
Opportunity cost is the cost of a decision inearly retirement issue nonetheless.
terms of what you forego by making thatTax risks of taking Social Security benefits earlier
particular decision. The earlier you retire, theEarly retirees who receive retirement income
higher your opportunity cost of early retirement isfrom sources other than Social Security have a
going to be. You might forego the income youhigher tax liability arising out of existing tax
would have enjoyed from working longer andlegislation. Since this fact exposes early retirees to
higher retirement benefits, for example. Increasedadditional taxation before the full retirement age, it
longevity makes opportunity cost even higher foris better to delay taking Social Security benefits,
early retirees; this is one reason for many babyuntil the full retirement age. The distribution of
boomers' decision to work longer.retirement income has a clear tax implication.
Loss of employer-sponsored benefitsWhile the tendency of early retirees is to grab all
While working, you may enjoytheir retirement income available, this can
employer-sponsored benefits such as healthaugment their tax burden significantly.
benefits and savings plans. Some employers offerSocial and psychological risks
coverage for retirees as well, but this is not oftenThose who dream of early retirement sometimes
the case. When you take the decision to retirebase their dream on push factors. The major
early, you should factor in these benefits as partpush factors are that their job is too stressful or
of your decision. At best, you should have athey do not want to work for too long. Relying
suitable alternative to benefits lost, especiallyon push factors can create a void in that such
health coverage and income, when you retireretirees may not properly plan for taking
early.retirement early. They do not know how they
Debt-servicing riskswould fill the gap in a meaningful way. This can
Many retirees find themselves entering thelead to an aimless, sedentary lifestyle, particularly
retirement phase in debt, whether the debt is awhen funds are limited and the retirement reality
mortgage or consumer loans. Since retirementcomes to bear. Retirees must be able to cope
income is normally fixed, the burden of the debtproperly with being out of the workforce. Many
increases over time and refinancing optionsretirees enjoy working or switching jobs to a
become far less attractive. While some retireespart-time endeavour that they truly enjoy to
might seek to pay the balance of debt with lumpavoid socio-psychological retirement issues.
sums and gratuity benefits received, even thatThe good news is that while the risks of
may not be a wise move, since they forego theretirement are more burdensome to early
benefits of investing that lump sum wisely andretirees, they are not necessarily insurmountable
deplete their retirement savings - without knowingobstacles to a happy and secure early retirement.